Ytterbium 99.95% 5 grams

Ytterbium 99.95% 5 grams

 

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Available for sale here is Ytterbium 99.95% 5 grams:

Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70, classified as a lanthanide rare earth metal in the f-block of the periodic table. It appears as a soft, silvery-white, malleable, and ductile solid at room temperature, with a density of 6.97 g/cm³, a melting point of 824°C, and a boiling point of 1200°C.

Discovered in 1878 by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac while analyzing a sample of gadolinite from Ytterby, Sweden—after which the element is named—ytterbium was initially isolated from what was thought to be the element yttrium but was later distinguished as a separate lanthanide.

In 1907, French chemist Georges Urbain further separated it from lutetium, confirming its identity through spectroscopic analysis.[4] The metal was first produced in 1937 by Wilhelm Klemm and Francis Bonner, though impure. Pure ytterbium metal was obtained in 1953 at the Ames Laboratory.

Ytterbium occurs naturally in rare earth minerals such as monazite and xenotime, comprising about 0.03% of monazite sand, and is extracted through processes involving reduction with lanthanum metal, solvent extraction, or ion exchange.

It has seven stable isotopes, with Yb being the most abundant at 31.8%, and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f 6s², making it relatively stable but reactive with water, acids, and air over time.

Physically, it exhibits three allotropes: alpha (hexagonal close-packed up to -13°C), beta (face-centered cubic from -13°C to 795°C), and gamma (body-centered cubic above 795°C), and under high pressure (around 16,000 atm), it becomes a semiconductor.

Key applications of ytterbium leverage its optical and mechanical properties. It is added to stainless steel to enhance grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical attributes, and isotope Yb serves as a gamma ray source in portable X-ray machines for non-destructive testing.

In optics and electronics, ytterbium is used as a dopant in fiber optic cables for signal amplification, in high-powered fiber lasers for marking and engraving, and in superconductors and atomic clocks due to its stable isotopes.

Ytterbium compounds also act as catalysts in organic chemical reactions, particularly for transformations in the production of pharmaceuticals and plastics. Though not highly toxic, handling requires care due to its reactivity and potential for tarnishing.

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